RETAIL
STORES - DEPARTMENTSTORES
A department store is a retail establishment
which specializes in selling a wide range of products without a single
predominant merchandise line.
Department stores usually sell products
including apparel, furniture, appliances, electronics, and additionally
select other lines of products such as paint, hardware, toiletries,
cosmetics, photographic equipment, jewellery, toys, and sporting goods.
Certain department stores are further classified as discount
department stores. Discount department stores commonly have central
customer checkout areas, generally in the front area of the store.
Department stores are usually part of a retail chain of many stores situated
around a country or several countries.
Hudson's Bay Company in Canada was the first store to include
departments; however, by modern standards, it would not be considered a
department store because of the size and range of items that were stocked.
The same may be said about Gostiny Dvor in St Petersburg, which opened in
1785 and should probably be regarded as one of the first purposely-built
shopping malls in the world, as it consisted of more than 100 shops covering
an area of over 53,000 m2.
A discount store is a type of department store, which sell products
at prices lower than those asked by traditional retail outlets. Most
discount department stores offer wide assortments of goods; others
specialize in such merchandise as jewelry, electronic equipment, or
electrical appliances. Discount stores are not dollar stores, which sell
goods at a dollar or less. Discount stores differ because they sell branded
goods and prices vary widely between different products.
Discount department stores are more popular in the United States than
other countries. Following World War II, a number of retail establishments
in the United States began to pursue a high-volume, low-profit strategy
designed to attract price-conscious consumers.
In the United States, companies such as Macy's, Gottschalks, Dillard's,
Nordstrom, Sears, and J.C. Penney are considered department stores,
while retail brands such as Target, Kmart, and Wal-Mart are discount
department stores. T.J. Maxx, Marshalls, and Burlington Coat Factory are
stores that sell designer goods for less. Stores that carry a general line
of groceries and other product lines similar to those of department stores
are considered warehouse clubs or supercenters. Warehouse clubs require a
nominal annual membership fee, while supercenters do not. Costco, BJ's
Wholesale Club, and Sam's Club are examples of warehouse clubs.
Retailing consists of the sale of goods or merchandise, from a fixed
location such as a department store or kiosk, in small or individual lots
for direct consumption by the purchaser. Retailing may include subordinated
services, such as delivery. Purchasers may be individuals or businesses.
In
commerce, a retailer buys goods or products in large quantities from
manufacturers or importers, either directly or through a wholesaler, and
then sells smaller quantities to the end-user. Retail establishments are
often called shops or stores. Retailers are at the end of the supply chain.
Manufacturing marketers see the process of retailing as a necessary part of
their overall distribution strategy. |